Shepherds in ancient times would anoint sheep with oil primarily to protect them from insects, especially flies, that would irritate and potentially harm them. The oil acted as a repellent, preventing flies from laying eggs in the sheep’s nostrils, which could hatch into worms and cause serious injury or even death. Additionally, the oil helped soothe existing wounds and prevent infection, and also aided in preventing injuries from head-butting contests between rams.
Here’s a more detailed breakdown:
Insect Repellent: Flies were a major nuisance, particularly around the sheep’s head, nose, and ears. They would try to lay eggs in these areas, and the resulting larvae could burrow into the sheep’s skin and cause severe irritation and even brain damage. The oil created a barrier that prevented the flies from landing and laying eggs.
Soothing and Healing: Oil was used to soothe existing wounds or irritations on the sheep’s skin. This helped prevent infection and promoted faster healing.
Reducing Headbutting Injuries: Rams, particularly during mating season, would clash heads, which could lead to serious injuries. The oil, applied to the head area, helped the heads slide off each other more easily, reducing the impact and preventing severe damage.
In Psalm 23 King David, himself a shepherd, mentions the shepherd anointing the sheep’s head with oil as a symbol of God’s protection and care for his followers.
A psalm of David.
23 The Lord is my shepherd. He gives me everything I need.
2 He lets me lie down in fields of green grass.
He leads me beside quiet waters.
3 He gives me new strength.
He guides me in the right paths
for the honor of his name.
4 Even though I walk
through the darkest valley,
I will not be afraid.
You are with me.
Your shepherd’s rod and staff
comfort me.
5 You prepare a feast for me
right in front of my enemies.
You pour oil on my head.
My cup runs over.
6 I am sure that your goodness and love will follow me
all the days of my life.
And I will live in the house of the Lord
forever.
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